Lentiviruses in Ungulates. I. General Features, History and Prevalence
نویسنده
چکیده
Lentiviruses (LV) are nononcogenic viruses, belonging to the Lentivirinae subfamily. The name comes from the Latin word “lenti”, meaning “slow”. According to the definition of B. Sigurdsson, they are causing infections in a limited number of hosts with a long incubation period (months and years) and progressive course, accompanied by damage in definite organs/tissues and a lethal outcome (Sigurdsson, 1954). Initially, the Lentivirinae subfamily comprised only the maedi-visna virus (MVV) and the caprine arthritis encephalitis (CEA) virus as well as human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV, SIV). Investigation of the genetic structure of retroviruses shows that there are many phylogenetically similar agents, but not all of them caused slow infections. That is why, the Lentivirinae family includes (with the exception of human and simian retroviruses), six animal lentiviruses: the maedi-visna virus (MVV), the caprine arthritis encephalitis (CEA) virus, equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus, the Jembrana disease (JD) virus, the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
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